Features of chemistry for long hair

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Beautiful curls of any shape and size that last for several months are the result of a procedure known as permed hair. She has been in fashion for several decades in a row. During this time, the quality of the compositions has changed, new types of curlers and ways to twist the strands have been added. And yet, despite serious innovations, chemistry is still considered harmful to hair. We will not convince you otherwise, but instead tell you how to protect the curls from damage and restore their structure after curling. Learn how to safely perform the procedure at home and whether it is possible to get rid of curls without unfortunate consequences if the experiment with the hair was unsuccessful.

Description of the procedure

The main feature of the perm is changing the structure of the hair with the help of special solutions. Strands need to be screwed on the curlers of the selected shape and diameter, process them with the composition, and after a while wash it off. For 10-30 minutes, the active ingredients penetrate the curls, providing a lasting result of curling.

Solutions for chemistry are produced by many cosmetic companies. Choose the appropriate tool to take into account the type and condition of the hair. Appropriate markings are always on the packaging or vials.

By the way. The first experiments with chemical hair styling date back to the beginning of the 20th century. These were tedious procedures that lasted 5–10 hours. The cold way, without the use of electrical appliances, appeared a little later. He became the basis of modern chemistry.

There are several classifications of chemical waves, in which the main criterion is:

type of curlers - boomerangs, bobbins or other,
strand wrapping method - vertical, horizontal, circular, combined,
sequence of actions (you can first treat the hair with a solution, and then curl them on papilotki),
a kind of chemical. The compositions are acidic, alkaline, neutral and others. All of them have clear indications for use.

The alkaline agent may not form curls on thick, tight hair, and the acidic can severely spoil the soft, supple strands. In order not to become the main heroine of the story about the poorly executed chemistry, before the procedure is to consult with an experienced hairdresser.

We also organized a kind of educational program and described in detail the features of different types of solutions, including examples of products of popular brands. With the help of these recommendations, you can easily select a safe composition for your hair.

The price of a classic perm in the cabin is from 2 thousand rubles. In a small city you can find cheaper, and in the city will have to pay even more. Also, the cost is influenced by the selected composition and length of hair. If you buy chem. drugs for independent experiments, you can meet the 1 thousand rubles.

For some solutions from well-known cosmetic companies will have to lay out a little more, up to 2 thousand rubles. There are ready-made kits with everything you need at a price ranging from 300 to 1,200 rubles or individual bottles with activators and fixatives, each of which costs about 200–900 rubles.

Council The products of the firms LONDA, Schwarzkopf, ESTEL, Selective Professional, Wella and other companies whose names are popular in the hairdressing environment are well known.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantages of perm:

changes the hairstyle, and with it the whole image,
held for a long time
suitable for hair of any length
has many variations
reduces the time of daily styling - with minimal effort hairstyle looks great.

Disadvantages of the procedure:

has a damaging effect on the hair. Depending on the composition, it may be more or less obvious, but the structure of the curls still suffers,
can dry the strands and slightly change their color,
has contraindications and restrictions
requires special care aimed at hair restoration,
not recommended for frequent repetition. It is necessary to give curls the opportunity to relax.

Contraindications

The main list of prohibitions and restrictions applies to such situations:

Modified hormones. You should not do perm during pregnancy, lactation, during menstruation or during menopause. Disputes about whether the active reagents harm the future or nursing mother and her baby are still ongoing. If this does not stop you, here is another strong argument: due to hormonal changes, the curls may not form properly.
Acceptance of antibiotics or other potent drugs (including hormones).
Allergy to the components of the solution. This factor should be eliminated before the procedure.
Abrasions, wounds, cracks in the scalp, as well as itching, peeling, dandruff.
Strong hair loss, brittle hair. It doesn't matter what it is connected with: avitaminosis, depression or a course of procedures in oncology. Chemistry loosens your strands even more.
Stress states.
Exacerbation of chronic ailments.
Acute infectious diseases, complicated by increased body temperature.
Hair coloring, after which less than 2-3 weeks have passed.
Some external factors: a visit to the barber on an empty stomach, cold in the room also adversely affect the quality of curls.

Types of curlers and methods of winding

If the perm composition affects how well curly your modeling will come out, Curlers determine the appearance of the hairstyle as a whole.

Much depends on the thickness of the strands and how to wrap. Magnificent curls that look very natural - the result of circular hair wrap on papilotki. If you want to get volumetric curls, suitable horizontal arrangement of the rollers on the head. It is often used at home - for beginners it is simpler and clearer than other methods.

To create beautiful flowing curls will have to master the vertical way. Often it is combined with a horizontal one, but this arrangement should be entrusted only to an experienced professional. This option is one of the most suitable for long hair.

If you want to become the owner of a lush hairstyle, buy papilotki of large diameter for chemical perm. Choose boomerangs or cones. Provide beautiful, almost natural waves can Olivia Gardin curlers. Chemistry using these rollers is called American. Large curls will decorate hair of almost any length, so we have collected for you tips and tricks to create such curls at home.

The most suitable for any chemical wave are plastic papillok. They are convenient to use and easy to wash off traces of the drug. With the help of plastic bobbins (sticks) of different diameters, it will be possible to model beautiful vertical curls from the roots. Perhaps the installation will take a lot of time, but the result is worth it.

When deciding on the size of products, consider the condition of your hair. Find out what else should be determined by the choice of bobbins for vertical perm.

Sticks curlers are smooth or with special grooves-grooves. The second type is designed for spiral chemistry. The process of cheating on such bobbins requires a lot of patience and attention. Run it on your own is quite difficult. It is worth doing such a perm only if you have enlisted the help of your mother, sister or friend, and also have previously watched an instructional video.

For the most courageous girls, we have prepared a complete set of information on the implementation of spiral chemistry at home.

The same bobbins will be useful for women who want to do a perm with the effect of wet hair. In addition to them, you can use wager curlers, American or Japanese wands. Any of these files will help to achieve the effect of always wet hair.

Properly chosen bobbins, the optimal composition for your hair type and step-by-step instruction of the procedure - all this will be the key to a good result. We will explain in detail how to perform wet chemistry on your own hair without compromising the health of the strands and the quality of curls.

By the way. Pay attention to the original curlers for permed hair: hairpins, wavy plates, coils with clamps and others.

Can I do on thin, painted strands

Coloring, supplemented with a perm, is a serious test for hair. However, many girls successfully combine the new color of the strands and the long styling of curls. The main recommendation in this case is to observe the interval between the procedures: it is desirable that at least 2-3 weeks pass. If the hair was bleached several times in a row, it is better to refuse chemistry.

As a result of constant dyeing, the hair partially loses its elasticity, becomes more vulnerable, so the additional effect of aggressive drugs can shake their health even more. We will reveal the main secrets of the successful perm of colored dyed strands and explain which compounds can be applied in this case.

If the hair is naturally strong, strong and not subjected to frequent painting, this is a significant bonus when performing chemistry. But this hair has not every woman who dreams of curls and additional volume. Of course, this does not mean that the owners of thin, weakened curls can not even think about chemical perm. Now with the help of sparing drugs, almost any experiments with a hairdo are possible. Find out what recommendations for the implementation of chemistry on thin strands give hairdressers, and what you need to do for healthy hair after the procedure.

Quite often, girls choose a perm to give extra volume of hair. In this case, you can not use aggressive drugs along the entire length of the curls. An alternative to full-fledged chemistry - basal. It makes thin, sparse hair more luxuriant, corrects regrown strands that were artificially curled, and also creates volume on a curly-colored hair. Like any other type of chemical perm, basal styling has its own nuances, which we describe in detail in the review material with photos, videos and step-by-step instruction of the procedure.

Features associated with the length of the curls

Curly hair will be a worthy decoration of appearance, if you choose the right size and shape. Large curls are undesirable on thin, sparse hair - it is better to choose small ones. A round face should be framed with curls, the diameter of which gradually decreases from the roots to the tips, and square or rectangular - with volumetric horizontal letters. Important when choosing the size and type of curler has a length of strands.

Council Looks good perm, made on graded hair, haircut cascade.

On a head of hair that goes down below the middle of the back, curls of any shape and size are appropriate. Long hair will show all the beauty of a skillfully executed curling. Indeed, in this case, it will be especially laborious. The first time you can perform chemistry only on the tips or from the middle of the curls. If you don’t like the result, you can cut the curls. We will tell you in detail about other nuances of performing the procedure on long hair and help you decide whether to experiment in this way at home.

Such strands are also good for different types of curlers and methods of winding. Perm only in the root zone or at the tips, on boomerangs or bobbins, horizontal, vertical, combined and other methods - medium-length hair does not limit your imagination and capabilities. At the same time, remember that some types of chemistry can visually shorten the hair: curls strongly curl and become elastic, like a spring. To avoid all sorts of surprises when conducting a perm, our advice will help.

Despite the small length, it is rather difficult to curl such hair with your own hands. Depending on the haircut, the density of the strands, the method of curling the curler can be checkered, rectangular, vertical. Also important are the shape, diameter of the curlers, as well as the quality of the solution. We will talk about all the nuances of the procedure for short hair, as well as explain how to care for hair after chemistry, performed in a salon or at home.

Procedure at home

Preparation of strands for chemical perm begins a few weeks before the procedure. Pay special attention to the care of the locks: pamper your hair with nourishing masks, give it a rest from the curling iron, hair dryer, ironing. Update your haircut, if necessary - pre-dye your hair. Read reviews about the chemistry at home, pick up the composition, curlers, as well as all other related tools and materials.

So that you do not forget anything, we have prepared a detailed list of what is needed for a perm, and carefully laid out all the steps of the procedure. Step-by-step instruction with tips and life hacks will be a good help on the road to transformation.

Effect duration and correction

With the help of a perm, it will not work to make your hair curly forever. Despite the rapid development of modern technology, this method has not yet been invented. On average, the effect of chemistry lasts from 2 to 6 months, sometimes - up to 9. The duration of the result is influenced by the selected composition (acid or alkaline), the type and structure of the strands (thin, thick, sparse, rigid), their length (the shorter the curls, the better the curls hold), curl size (volumetric unwind faster), individual features of each shag

When chemical styling, in contrast to biowave, the border between grown and curled hair is more noticeable. therefore a few weeks later, a hairstyle may require correction. In this case, it is better to make a bottom perm. Repeated chemistry over the entire length of curls is recommended no more than 1-2 times a year.

Laying and further care

The first few days curled hair needs to rest. Do not wash or pack it; if possible, do not brush or braid it. During this time, curls finally take shape. Buy special styling tools that will help keep your hair in a tidy condition.

Gels, foams, sprays and other products will add beautiful, decorated look to curls. We have collected in one review a description of popular products and recommendations on how to make volumetric, classical or wet styling with their help.

Taking care of the attractive appearance of the hair should be simultaneously accompanied by proper care for them. Restoring, feeding the structure of the curls is the main thing that needs attention. If the solution has dried strands, add moisturizers to the main makeup.

Very useful drugs designed for damaged, weak hair. We will describe how to care for the hair after chemical styling and explain why you most likely will have to change the comb.

Not every chemistry brings enthusiasm for the new hairstyle. There are cases when for some reason the curls are not twisted as you expected. Sometimes the procedure provokes increased loss, breakage of the strands or causes an allergic reaction on the skin, tightens and dries it. A less dramatic version of events is also possible - the laying did not like at all or was tired.In all these situations, tips will come to your aid on how to get rid of chemistry by professional and popular methods, set out in our article.

No matter how much they talk about the dangers of curling hair for girls who dream of curls, this does not stop. If you choose a quality composition, perform the procedure according to all the rules, and then provide the locks with decent care, there is every chance to preserve the health of the hair. Just do not forget about contraindications. The desire to change the image should always be balanced by common sense and caring for the hair.

In the process of chemistry

Methods and tools are so improved that now perm practically does not hurt the hair.

The structure of the hair protein is closed and compact, but during heating the molecules disintegrate. In this state, with open hair scales, the hair is more amenable to winding, and then they can easily be given the necessary shape.

Thanks to a special solution, a new form can be fixed. It is made on the basis of hydrogen peroxide. Fixation restores hair protein, compacts the scales. However, if this procedure is done incorrectly, the perm will not be durable. Before fixing, it is imperative to check the skin reaction to irritation from the drugs used.

Khimka for long hair affects both chemically and physically. The springiness of the curls depends on several factors: the characteristics of the hair, the temperature in the room, the diameter of the bobbin, the chemical composition and the time it is held on the hair.

It is important to remember that long-term chemistry can cause the hair to stop curling and curling. Therefore, in this case, you will have to wait for keratin recovery and new hair growth.

This process should not be performed at home. If you do not have the relevant knowledge and skills, then you risk damaging the hairline and scalp. In the process of waving, you need to work with chemicals, and this is always serious and responsible, so it is better to trust a professional. He will conduct special tests on the reaction and tolerability of the skin and select the necessary components. In addition to special skills, you need to find good tools, buy quality materials, curlers in the right quantity. For example, large chemistry requires about 40 curlicues.

Before and after the procedure

There are many different types of curls, and thanks to new drugs and bobbins, each year they become more. Much depends on the ingredients used, on the method of cheating. Consider some of them.

Radical way

This method is great for weak, regrown and brittle hair. It gives them pomp and density, increases the volume at the roots and softens the styling procedure. Its essence lies in the fact that you need to wind the hair only at the roots, and not along the entire length of the hair. The ends of the strands are left intact.

Easy chemistry is done from anywhere on the head. However, if it was used earlier, then the strands are twisted not from the very roots, but retreating 2 centimeters down. Curls are wound strictly according to the course of the roots in the form of a half-eight, and then fixed with the help of an elastic band.

Radical Chemistry

The main stage is the application of the chemical composition for 10-20 minutes. It should be applied so as not to fall on the loose strands. Using a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide, experts record the work done. For one fixation, take approximately 50 g of the solution. The solution is applied with a sponge on bobbins, churn and incubated for 10 minutes.

The next stage is to unwrap the bobbin and re-fixation for five minutes. Then it is necessary to wash the solution with warm water. After that, proceed to the final actions: drying, stacking or neutralization.

Vertical Perm

Despite its age, it never loses its relevance. Thanks to the vertical bobbins you can create light, playful and bouncy curls. Light chemistry is used for hair of different lengths, but long hair is best decorated with curls.

First, the bobbins are evenly distributed over the entire length, and then wound. The peculiarity of this type of curling is that the hair is twisted in the reverse order, moving from the roots to the ends.

Vertical Perm: Hollywood Classic

It is best to use cones, polymers or wood. Perm is carried out in the following sequence:

wash your hair
split combed hair by strands
fasten the strands with clips,
apply chemical composition using a sponge
spin the hair, starting at the back of the head,
using gauze tape with a special compound, fix the strands so that after removing it there are no broken and ugly ends,
fix the bobbin with a rubber band,
chemical composition is good to moisten strands,
steam your hair,
wash your hair
fix received large and beautiful curls.

Wet Curls Effect

Wet chemistry for long hair allows you to get elastic, small curls, without the "lion" pomp. Hair get a luxurious and well-groomed appearance.

In this procedure, use small curlers, foam or hair spray. The nuance is that this method is not suitable for all hair. For example, experts do not advise applying this method on oily hair, since women acquire not a wet, but a greasy effect of curls, and curly hair quickly straightens on hard hair.

Recovery process

Obviously, a perm brings stress to hair, so in order to return it to its former state and health, you need to remember a few rules:

Wet hair effect

Head wash only 2-3 times a week, because the shampoo removes not only the dirt on the hair, but also the protective fat layer. Light chemistry and so makes them weak and brittle, so with frequent washing you can get extra dryness and dandruff. It is also better to use baby, soft shampoos, balms. Water for washing should be up to 30 degrees.
Periodically it is necessary to trim the ends of the hair, as this will stimulate the rapid growth of hair.
It is necessary to use masks and balms.
You can take a course of taking vitamins, especially group B.
In the struggle for the beauty and shine of hair, you can use folk remedies to restore them. For example, using pepper tincture or burdock oil can nourish the scalp. A mask of burdock oil, brandy, yolk, burdock root or nettle will help strengthen the hair and fight loss. The mask must be kept for 30 minutes and then rinsed with warm water.

It is recommended to apply an egg mask for hair restoration.

Egg mask is an excellent tool for restoring head and hair health. For its preparation, you need to mix 3 eggs and 50 grams of burdock oil and apply on the hair for half an hour.

Conclusion

The perm in the fashion world has appeared quite a long time ago, but it always remains popular and in demand. Most girls dream of a beautiful and unique style, created thanks to the locks. However, on the road to beauty, it is important to know about some of the consequences of these procedures.

Stylish and showy curls can last up to 6 months depending on the type of hair. Sparse, long hair can be significantly damaged: they will become dry and begin to be very confused. Also, along with beautiful curls may appear dandruff, split ends and strong hair loss.

Today the hair chemistry procedure is absolutely safe.

Statistics show that light chemistry was made by almost every member of the female population in order to facilitate styling and walk with curls for a long time. However, a perm is a serious step, so you need to decide for yourself whether to perform this procedure or not.

Tools and materials

Let's start, perhaps, with the fact that the perm does not tolerate errors and requires speed and accuracy, which means you have to have everything you need at your fingertips.

wide enamel or porcelain container with a volume of 50-60 ml,
plastic comb with a thin tip to separate the strands,
50 ml measuring cylinder with divisions of 5 ml,
bobbins of the required diameter (plastic or wooden),
fixing gum
two foam sponges for applying fixer and basic composition (dimensions 10 × 10 cm and 3 × 4 cm),
hairdressing polyethylene cap or apparatus PA-1, with which the treatment of curls with steam is carried out.

In the photo - a full arsenal of what you need to do your own perm perm.

Remember safety

The chemical composition is quite aggressive, so before applying it is necessary to conduct a visual inspection of the skin and hair.

Minimal damage in the form of skin irritation, scratches, ulcers or cuts is an absolute contraindication to chemistry.

Of considerable importance is the degree of damage to the hair, especially if the perm will be carried out on loose, dry, previously painted or discolored strands. If in the dry state the hairs are easily torn, perm can be for them not just a destructive procedure, but the last event before a short haircut.

And, of course, do not forget about testing the drug for the possibility of an allergic reaction. A small amount of the composition applied to the skin behind the ear, 8-10 minutes will be enough to gain confidence in safety.

To ensure that the result of the procedure is predictable, a thorough examination of the scalp is carried out and the extent of hair damage is determined.

Note!
In the presence of itching, redness, burning sensation, the chemical composition is removed with a weak solution of hydrogen peroxide, the skin is washed with plenty of water.

To find the necessary concentration, professionals recommend checking the hair's reaction to the chemical composition. Separate the order in the occipital region, apply the drug, after 2-3 minutes, perform a tear test. If the hair has not retained its strength and has acquired an unattractive look, dilute the composition with water in a 1: 1 ratio and repeat the test.

Main stage

Curls are quite demanding on the choice of haircuts, most often preferred "cascade" or "ladder"

Curly hair requires a special approach to the issue of haircuts, it is likely that the hairstyle that was to your liking, transformed into curls, will lose its appeal.

Mandatory filiration of the tips and fringing on the temples and neck. Wet hair after cutting is not recommended to be dried artificially, such a seemingly harmless hairdressing mistake leads to hardening of the upper horny layer of the hair shaft and prevents the penetration of the composition.

Curling on the bobbin

Performing a perm hair involves the use of bobbins of different diameters, this allows you to get a natural result

In order to make the curls the same, before winding, divide the whole mass of hair into strands so that the width of each of them does not exceed the length of the bobbin. Ignoring this recommendation hello to the fact that you can not position the curlers perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
The most convenient separation is the holding of two vertical partitions, which will form a strand of width equal to the distance between the eyebrows. Patch secure clip.
From the vertical partings down to the ears on both sides make a horizontal parting, while respecting the selected width of the strand.
The hair, which remained unseparated in the occipital zone, is divided into 3 strands., continuing the previous vertical partings from the neck to the neck.

Options for winding hair when performing perm: vertical method

After dividing the hair into individual strands, you can proceed to the curl. It is recommended to begin the procedure from the center of the occipital part of the head. Separate the strand, wet 3/4 of the length (from the tips) with the composition and wind it on the bobbin as if you were winding the thread on the bobbin.

Note!
Carefully approach the curling tips, if they do not have sufficient tension, it is likely to get broken ends.

Instructions for dividing and curling horizontal method

The combed hair is laid on the palm of the left hand, the bobbin in the right hand is placed under the hair, the ends of the hair are gripped by the thumb and the index finger of the left hand. In this case, it is more convenient to hold the bobbin by the end with the index and thumb of the right hand.
The ends of the hair lay on the bobbin so that on one side they protrude 1.5-2 cm. Use the index finger of your left hand to bend the tips inward in the direction of the wave, with your middle finger pressing them against the bobbin. As soon as you press your hair, you must immediately straighten the strand perpendicularly.

The advantage of alternating bobbins of various diameters is the ability to produce curls that are practically the same as natural ones.

When winding up the curler - with the index finger with fast sliding movements on the plane in the direction of curling - bend the tips under the strand, with the middle finger after the index finger repeat the movement, supporting it. When the index finger begins a sliding motion, scroll the bobbin with the index finger and thumb of the other hand.

Note!
The thickness of the bobbins can not be the same throughout the head, the size is determined by the length and thickness of the strands.
So, the smallest hair curlers are used on the neck and temples, where the hairs are short or thin.

After twisting the hair of the occipital zone, moisten the loops with the preparation abundantly and proceed to winding the locks of the temporal and parietal zones..

And this is how the division of hair into zones and the location of bobbins at partial curling

Composition

Having completed the winding of the entire mass of hair, apply the composition, carefully working out each bobbin with a foam sponge. Finally, put on the plastic cap.

The time of exposure is determined empirically, for this, four bobbins are rolled up in each zone of the head and the result of the composition is checked. If the curl is quite elastic and holds the shape, you can proceed to the next stage.

Note!
If you use the PA-1 to steam hair, time is reduced by a third.

Rinse the hair (without removing the bobbins) with warm running water. The procedure should take place within 5-7 minutes.

For fixing, hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 3-5% is used, in order for the composition to gain viscosity, add a small amount of shampoo. Sponge up the preparation with a sponge and process each bobbin.

After 7-10 minutes, you can begin to unwind the curlers. After removing all the bobbins, repeat the application of fixer. After 5 minutes, rinse the hair with clean water without any cleansing cosmetics.

The process of curling step by step

Neutralization

Chemical compositions for waving have a pH in the range from 8.5 to 9.5 and act as alkali. A small amount of funds on the hair leads to their destruction. As practice shows, even a thorough and repeated rinsing of the hair with running water does not completely eliminate the alkaline effect.

Stage neutralization involves the use of a weak solution of citric or acetic acid, which is dominated by hydrogen ions H +. The higher their concentration in the solution, the lower the pH of the medium.

The simplest and fastest way to create an acidic environment is to prepare a weak solution of citric acid.

To obtain a weak acidic medium, 2.5 grams of citric acid is dissolved in one liter of warm water. The solution is used for rinsing the hair, the procedure is repeated at least 3-4 times.

Note!
If the neutralization process is carried out on heavily discolored and damaged hair, the solution is prepared in a concentration of 2.5 grams of acid per 2 liters of water (or 1.25 grams per 1 liter of water).

Features perm bleached hair

Special care is required to work with bleached hair, which as quickly as possible absorb the composition

We will not deny the fact that hydrogen peroxide has a detrimental effect on hair. However, healthy strong strands are more or less resistant to its effects, which is not the case with previously painted, damaged by chemical or physical hair.

Damaged hair is more porous, so it perfectly absorbs the composition. That is why in its preparation the concentration is reduced, focusing on the degree of damage to the hair.

If your curls are clarified by only 1-2 tones, the curling product is diluted with water in the ratio of 3: 1. If hair damage is noticeable to the naked eye, the proportion is 1: 3 (4).

The process of winding on bobbins is carried out with special care. In case of excessive tension, the hair may stretch excessively or even tear.

The exposure time in most cases, choose 10-15 minutes less than when working with healthy hair. However, if you decide to use a diluted with water composition, time can be reduced by only 5-7 minutes.

The first control check of the effectiveness of the procedure is carried out a quarter of an hour after applying the composition. At this point, additional time is determined for the final result.

The fixation concentration for healthy hair can vary within 3-5%, for damaged and discolored strands take a minimum value of 3%. The most frequent mistakes when performing a perm with their own hands are associated with too weak / strong concentration of fixer, as well as its overexposure.

The cost of the error may be too high, remember that the classic perm does not change its shape and does not allow to hope for independent straightening.

Further measures to neutralize the alkaline environment are not different from the sequence of working with healthy hair.

Tip!
Instructions for curling bleached hair recommends that at the final stage (after neutralization) apply emulsion based on lecithin or “Londestral” to the strands.
The same drugs can be recommended for home care.

Overview of the most popular chemical compounds (practical method)

* Practical performance when curling hair of different lengths.

If the instructions and recommendations are followed, a permanent perm does not harm the hair, but even the slightest deviation from the technology can be fatal. If you have already studied the theoretical part, go to the practice, which means that the time has come for the video in this article.

Any questions or doubts? Feel free to ask them to our experts in the comments.

The concept of perm

A perm is a procedure when lush curls are created that hold the shape for several months.

Simply put, the chemicals contained in the curlers destroy the disulfide bonds in the hair structure. Therefore, the curls take the form of curlers, depending on the type of cheating. After that, the hair is treated with a special fixer, fixing the disulfide bonds in the new position. Result: curly hair.

I would like to say that perm hair - a dangerous procedure for weak and damaged hair. Therefore, only the master can determine whether to carry out the “operation” to create curly curls or not.

Pluses perm

Of course, every woman knows that perm hair is somewhat destructive for the hair. However, this is more than compensated by the advantages that this procedure has.

Durability. Curling her hair in this way, the lady will enjoy a luxurious hairstyle for several months.
Significant time savings on hair styling, be it the morning of the working day or a romantic evening.
The solution to the problem of thin hair. The chemical wave will give so long-awaited volume to hair.
The use of gentle preparations for the procedure, so that the hair does not suffer so much.

It is necessary to remind women who are going to perm: you need to choose a salon where this procedure will be carried out by high-quality professional specialists. Otherwise, you can remain without hair at all.

Variety of perm

There are several types of curling:

acidic
alkaline,
neutral,
biowave,
amino acid.

The first type is the most popular and resistant among the rest. Such a perm hair can last up to six months. However, acidic agents penetrate into the hair, without opening its scales from the outside. Because of this, it turns out quite elastic and rigid curl.

Alkaline curling does not differ so long "service life". She can last up to 3 months. If the hair is heavy, straight and hard, then the curl will last no more than 1.5 months. Alkaline products affect the structure of the hair, revealing the outer scales.

In such a perm, you can find features of the first two types. Allantoin is a part of such products, so this procedure can be carried out on different hair. The curls as a result are elastic and strong. Persistence is relative.

Amino acid perm contains chemicals in chemistry, i.e. amino acids. They treat and nourish hair, so the negative for hair from drugs is reduced to a minimum. As a result, the curls are gentle, natural, soft. But to enjoy such a perm will not be long, especially if the hair is heavy, straight and hard.

Biowave involves the use of funds without ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, thioglycolic acid. They are replaced by drugs whose composition is similar to the hair molecules. Such a curl will give your hair a healthy and natural shine, flawless appearance. By the way, such curls will last for a long time.

There are other types of perm, but they are not as popular as the above.

Easy chemistry for long hair

Carving is called a perm, in which the master uses gentle means that do not destroy the hair structure. Therefore, light chemistry for long hair has become quite popular. Women can experiment with their hair without worrying about it.

A light perm for ladies with naturally thin hair. Thanks to this procedure, the curls acquire additional luster, volume and strength.

There are two types of carving: with large or small curlers. Women with long hair can afford both options.

By the way, I would like to remind you that it is strictly forbidden to do perm to pregnant or lactating women, as well as to ladies with damaged hair.

Carving: Is everything so cloudless?

According to experts, light chemistry for long hair, that is, carving, is an absolutely safe procedure. This is due to the fact that the funds affect only the upper hair scales. If you look, then carving is a long-term styling that keeps its shape for 4-8 weeks.

However, there are women of fashion who claim that even this procedure can cause irreparable damage to the hair. First, the master checks the condition of the hair and, if necessary, cuts it. Secondly, there are a very small amount of chemical substances that change the structure of the hair.

By the way, carving does not create an undesirable gun when it gradually comes off the hair.

Vertical chemistry for long hair

The main feature of vertical chemistry can be called the location of the hair, wound on a special bobbin, in a "standing" position. Long curls are much harder to handle during this procedure. After winding up on the bobbins, it is necessary to warm the hair with a towel. It is strictly forbidden to blow-dry hair or heat them.

Vertical chemistry for long hair has become so popular due to the possibility of curling any hair of any length. To make sure that this option is exactly what you need, you can try pseudochemistry. In this case, the master makes styling a hair dryer without any chemicals. If the result is satisfactory, then you can proceed to the procedure itself.

It is not recommended to do perm. It is best to contact a highly professional specialist who can find the right composition with useful ingredients.

Chemistry: large curls on long hair - is it possible?

Today, a perm is popular, with large curls that can beautify a girl with long hair. Beautiful, lush, large curls - what you need a modern girl, watching her hair. You no longer need to curl the ends of your hair every morning with a curling iron or do a super lining. The current means for perm is not as bad for hair as it was 20 years ago.

It should be borne in mind that large chemistry for long hair is determined by the time spent in the "curled" state and the size of the selected curlers.

If the diameter of the curlers is small, then you get an elastic and small curly. And vice versa. If the size of the curlers is large, then the curl will be appropriate. It is worth considering that the result may vary due to the shearing itself. A stunning effect can be achieved on a cascading haircut. The face in this case is framed by a waterfall of flowing, beautiful curls.

Best of all, such a perm is suitable for thick hair. It is worth considering that thin, bleached, damaged or weakened curls will be worse to keep curls. The maximum that can be expected is a light wave.

A perm with large curls will last for 3-5 months. It all depends on the "nature" of the hair. After curling the hair gets wavy and amazing volume.

Hair before and after chemistry

Of course, before the curling hair was shiny, healthy and beautiful. (It is worth considering that the master will not do chemistry on damaged, weakened hair, otherwise you can lose a good part of the hair.) And after the procedure, the curls began to look like lifeless tows. Therefore, you need to care for your hair after chemistry.

First, you need to purchase shampoo to moisturize the hair. The procedure itself involves drying the hair structure, which is why it suffers. As a rule, these products contain honey, mango extract.

You can provide your head with maxi from burdock oil. It is rubbed into both the hair and scalp.

To restore the hair after a perm, you can make a "natural" shampoo from a raw egg. It is well whipped with a little water. If the curls are long, you need 2 eggs. Hair should be moistened with water, pour the mixture onto the head, wash the hair without soap. Then you need to rinse your hair with warm water, and then acidified.

Hair care after perm

Well, finally, the chemistry for long hair was successfully carried out. Now you need to take care of her hair, even if she was completely healthy before the procedure. In any case, the hair is a negative impact, so the long-awaited curls will be relevant.

You need to use shampoos and balms that are enriched with a permanent formula. There is no way to get such a tool? Then you can use the usual soft shampoo of good quality. In the summer you should protect your hair with products containing sun protection factors. After every fourth or fifth shampoo, it is advisable to use treatment for the care of hair. The number of such tools includes those that are designed for damaged and bitten ends.

After shampooing, curls must be formed by hand. It is undesirable to straighten or stretch them once again. In this case, beautiful curls will keep their shape long enough. You can go to bed after the hair is completely dry.

To restore dry hair, you need to use various means that are within reach: shopping, pharmacy, home. It is best to warm up burdock oil in a water bath and rub it warm in the hair roots and scalp. You can apply oil along the entire length of the curls. The hair is wrapped with plastic wrap and a towel. After a few hours you can wash your head with salted water. A similar procedure is carried out 1-2 times a week, and even more often.

So, chemistry for long hair, the photo of which you can see in the article, is quite a popular procedure. It remains to choose the type of curling and, of course, take care of your hair after chemistry.

Types of Curling

There are several classifications of varieties of chemical styling for the long term. They are based on different criteria.

The most popular division is by type of drug used:

acid - often used on long curls, because it opens the hair scales and penetrates deeply. It gives the desired shape to heavy, thick, tough strands,
neutral - it has a gentle effect on the hair, which is very important for the general condition of hair, especially long. But while this chemistry can not boast of durability,
alkaline - usually used on soft curls, prone to fat.

To create a curly hairstyle used different types of curlers: bobbins, boomerangs, papilotki.

Depending on the type and diameter of products chosen, the curls will come out horizontal or spiral, large or small, in the form of zigzags or body waves. Twist strands can be two methods.

Attention! For long hair is optimal that method, which first involves a perm on curlers, and then applying the composition. He is suitable for girls who decide to perform the procedure on their own, at home.

Ways of cheating

It is possible to have hair curlers on the head in different ways. In many ways, the chosen method determines the overall appearance of the piling.

Owners of long hair have a large selection for this part:

Screw the hair on the pigtail to get a small curl. The whole head of hair is divided into parts, braids are braided, and the tips are wound on bobbins.

Make a perm with twisting. Two bobbins of different diameters are used on one strand, which gives an interesting effect.

Use the "twin" method. With this method, some curls have a horizontal shape, while others - vertical. The method is also called combined.

Perform radical stacking. The option is suitable for girls who want to give additional volume to their hair. Often it is absent due to the severity of long hair. It is also a method of correction of regrown tips after the previous chemical. waving.

Make a vertical installation. A good option for long strands. Allows you to create elastic flowing curls.

We recommend to read: what is a vertical perm, to whom it is suitable.

Tighten only the tips. Optimally, if you do not want to spoil the chemical. drug the entire length of the curls.

Resort to the "children's" curl. The procedure is similar to the process of highlighting. A cap with a set of holes is put on the head through which individual strands are pulled. Due to this composition does not affect the skin.

The large perm looks great on long hair. Curls can be screwed in any way.

Price in the cabin and at home

Depending on the cost, quality of the composition and length of hair, the work of a professional hairdresser will cost about 6,000-8,000 rubles. For very long strands - even more expensive.

Buy a product for home use can be many times cheaper. The price range is large: from 200 to 1600 rubles. So much is one drug, and they need 2 (composition and fixative for fixing the result).

You can purchase a set of both liquids. Bulk usually goes more profitable. Kits from different manufacturers are sold at prices ranging from 300 to 1,200 rubles. Also planning costs, consider the cost of related tools and accessories that will have to buy.

If the hair is quite long, you may need a double portion of drugs. The approximate dose for curling curls long length - from 150 milliliters.

Features perm for long hair

They look very beautiful on strands of great length, both bulk waves and small spiral curls. True, the first unwind faster, so the long hair curls from the roots are not always possible. Such curls can do unless an experienced hairdresser.

He will use curlers of different diameters and skillfully smooth out the transitions between the curls of different sizes, make a neat chemistry with bangs or without it. In addition, aggressive compounds are often used for this purpose. They greatly spoil the curls, but they provide a lasting effect.

Partial perm of long hair from the middle of the strands or chemistry at the tips is a good solution for the first experiment. Appearance will change, but not drastically. If you don’t like the result or your hair gets badly damaged, you can cut the ends off.

Choosing a method of curling and determining the size of curls, you need to take into account such nuances:

Low-growing long-haired girls are hardly suitable too fluffy, voluminous hairstyle with fine curls. Much better this styling looks high beauties.
Owners of square or rectangular can make large horizontal curls.
To get the natural effect of light waves, it is worth using hair curlers of different diameters, and the drug on curls withstand only 10-15 minutes. For tight curls will have to detect the maximum time recommended by the manufacturer, but not longer.

Before curling, make a haircut, cascade, or slightly graduate long hair. So you add a hairstyle of pomp. Growing strands will not spoil the overall shape of the piling.

First of all, test your skin and strands with chemical reagents. Even if you picked up drugs based on the type and structure of the hair, an allergic reaction to the components is not excluded. For this:

apply a little compound on the area behind the ear, hold for 10-15 minutes,
in the absence of itching, swelling, rash or other manifestations, moisten with a small amount of solution a thin strand on the back of the head,
if after 2-3 minutes the hairs have become brittle, gray or started to tear, buy a new drug, or even give up perm.

If the curl, like the skin, passed the test, proceed with the actual perm of the long hair:

Wash your hair with special or regular shampoo, tar or household soap. Do not massage the skin.
Lightly dry your hair with a towel.
Comb gently, divide into several sections.
Select a small strand from one zone, fix the rest with barrettes.
Brush your hands, clamp the tips between a piece of chemical paper. waving. If not, use ordinary baking parchment.
Stretch the strand perpendicular to the head, wind it on the curlers. It can be bobbins, boomerangs, other products. Depending on the thickness of the hair and the size of the curls, you will need from 50 to 80 rollers.
Not too tight twisting curl, lock it closer to the roots.
Repeat the same with the rest of the strands. You can start curling long curls at the crown or neck.

Attention! If the hair goes down below the shoulders, fit special hair curlers-vellaformery. These are latex sacks that form a curl, tightening the strand. But the roots will remain straight.

Scroll the whole head, take care of protecting your skin, eyes and clothes from the effects of chemicals:

wind the area along the hairline with a special bandage or moisten with a greasy cream,
wrap cotton pad, towel, or cotton cloth from above. Tie a knot in the back, attach it to the curlers on the forehead,
put on a waterproof cape,
You can hang a towel around your neck or use a special bowl to drain excess compound into it,
Protect hands with rubber or polyethylene gloves.

After that, continue the curling process:

In a plastic, ceramic or glass bowl pour the chemical composition. Metal capacity cannot be used. The same applies to other devices: combs, hairpins.
Spread the solution over the twisted locks with an applicator or sponge. It is more convenient to start from the back of the head, then move to the crown and sides.
When finished, put on a special warming cap or plastic cap, and then a terry towel.
After 15 minutes, check the readiness of the curls. For this, use gloved hands to unscrew 4 curlers: on the back of the head, on the forehead, on the sides. If the curls have turned out not the way you want, re-tighten the rollers, cover your head. Check the state of curls, not exceeding the maximum time of the drug on the head.
Having achieved the desired result, rinse the solution with warm water without removing the hair curlers.
Dab your head with a towel.
Apply half of the total retainer. If it is not foamy, wet the hair straight from the bottle. Foam should be whipped in a bowl. For this you need a second set of non-metallic container and sponge (applicator). For processing curls need just foam.
After 7-10 minutes, remove the rollers.
Carefully apply the second half of the retainer to the curls.
After 5 minutes, rinse with running water.
Rinse your head with vinegar solution. For long curls, you will need 4 liters of warm water and 130 milliliters of essence.
A little remember curls with your fingers and dry with a towel.
Treat your head with a care balm.

How long does the effect last

Unfortunately, on long hair - the least, because the curls unwind faster under its own weight. The result also depends on the type and structure of the hair, the drug used and the size of the curls. To prolong the effect, the owner of long strands can choose an acid perm, which will last from 3-4 months to six months.

The use of an alkaline composition on thick and heavy hair is not as effective. Beautiful curls in this case are stored for 1.5-3 months. Another nuance: large curls on long hair unwind faster than small ones.

Council To prolong the effect will help the proper care, including the use of shampoos, balms, styling products designed for curly hair.

Effects and hair care

Small or large chemistry for long hair - this is your personal choice, because regardless of the size and shape of the curls, the hair will still experience harm from chemical reagents. Any such interference with the hair shaft structure is fraught with dryness, fragility of the strands, and their increased loss. Hair becomes less shiny, weakened. The tips are particularly noticeable, so immediately after the procedure they are best cut.

The harm from chemistry will be more or less pronounced - it depends on the quality of the composition and the duration of its exposure. Take it responsibly. In addition, you are fully able to help your hair as quickly as possible to overcome the stress of chemical exposure.

Make it easy if you master the main rules of care for curls after chem. Curling:

The first 3-4 days after the procedure, do not wash your hair.
Choose shampoos, balms, conditioners for curly hair.
Make sure that curls contain collagen, silk proteins, and panthenol.
Process tips with serums and sprays that interfere with the section.
Rinse your curls with a decoction of nettle, chamomile or hops.
Dry your head more often in a natural way, pre-soaking it with a towel.
Do not go to bed with wet strands.
When using a hairdryer, use a nozzle diffuser and cold blower.
Comb exclusively dry curls scallops with rare teeth.
Do not braid your hair too tightly, dissolve it more often.
Include fish or fish oil capsules in your diet. This will help strengthen the hair.
After perming hair less often in the sun, protect your head with a hat or kerchief. Avoid tanning beds.
Do not model the hair with metal combs and hairpins.
At least once a week, make a nourishing moisturizing mask. This may be a finished product or a composition made by hand.
Use essential oils. Especially useful after perming hair burdock, almond, peach. Add esters to curly care products.

You can find more tips on hair care after a perm on our website.

Council An alternative to chemical perm of long hair is carving (long-term styling with waves with an effect of up to 4 weeks) or a biowave, during which gentle nutrient formulations are used.

Reviews of many girls confirm that biological solutions with silk proteins and other useful components harm the hair structure much less than even light chemistry. But such a procedure is also more expensive, from 2 to 8-10 thousand rubles.